为您找到与七年级下册政治知识点归纳第七课相关的共364个结果:
数学作为主科之一,是非常容易拉分的科目,那么关于中考数学知识点有哪些呢?一起来看看吧,以下是小编准备的一些中考数学知识点归纳总结,仅供参考。
一、预习方法
着重预习,学会自学
预习是自学的开始,进入初中以后,你会逐步尝到自觉寻求知识来解决问题的甜头,自觉预习,为学习新知识打下基础。
预习不是走马观花式的看书,在预习时应做到:
一粗读,先粗略浏览教材的有关内容,掌握本节知识的概貌。
二细读,对重要概念、公式、法则、定理反复阅读、体会、思考,注意知识的形成过程,对难以理解的概念作出记号,以便带着疑问去听课。方法上可采用随课预习或单元预习。实践证明,养成良好的预习习惯,能使你变被动学习为主动学习,同时能逐渐培养你的自学能力。
二、听课方法
专心听讲,乐于思考
课堂45分钟最为关键,要养成一边听讲、一边思考的习惯,使自己的心、眼、耳、口、手都参与课堂活动。无论是课前、课内还是课后,还要多问几个为什么,绝不放过一个疑问。要处理好“听”、“思”、“记”的关系。“听”是直接用感官接受知识。
听的过程中注意
(1)听每节课的学习要求;
(2)听知识引入及知识形成过程;
(3)听懂重点、难点剖析(尤其是预习中的疑点);
(4)听例题解法的思路和数学思想方法的体现;
(5)听好课后小结。
(6)“思”是指思维。没有思维,就发挥不了自主学习的主体能动作用。在思维方法上,应注意多思、深思、反思。
(7)会记笔记
三、作笔记时应注意
不是记得多就是有效的,而且记笔记要掌握记录时机,影响了听课可就不如不记了,记什么,什么时候记,是有学问的,记方法,记技巧,记解题思路记疑点,记要求,记注意点,记住课后一定要整理笔记。记小结、记课后思考题。
1、管理好自己的笔记本
作业本,纠错本,还有做过的所有练习卷和测试卷,这可是大考复习时最有用的资料。纠错本上不仅要整理做错或不会的习题还要整理测验中出现的技巧性强的、易错的题目,便于复习时参考。
2、及时纠错
课堂练习、作业、检测,反馈后要及时查阅,分析错题的原因,是因为审题出问题还是概念模糊亦或是时间紧没来得及。切忌不要动不动就以粗心放过自己(形成习惯可就麻烦了),如果思路正确而计算出错,及时订正,必要时强化相关计算的训练。
英语作为主科之一,上了中学之后的学习任务更加繁重,那么2024中考英语知识点归纳总结有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些2024中考英语知识点归纳总结,仅供参考。
一、一定要背诵单词
初中英语的学习历来都是把单词看作是重点的。如果将英语比作为一座摩天大楼的话,那么同学们所学习的单词就是建筑这座大楼所需要的砖瓦,如果没有砖瓦这些基础的话,同学们是怎样才能够建筑出一栋大楼呢。所以同学们一定要能够拥有足够多的“建筑材料”。单词是基础,所以同学们要多学习,多记忆,多背诵单词。
二、学好英语语法
在学习初中英语的语法时候,要细心琢磨语言规则的含义、用法特征,然后进行归纳总结,通过典型例句来理解。比如,我们在学习时态的时候,以动词的时态表示的时间为线索,把现在进行时与过去进行时,现在完成时与过去完成时等相关的时态结合起来学,掌握这些时态表述的时间和动词形式变化上的共同特点,利用它们的“锁链”关系,理解和掌握各种时态的用法。
三、多做阅读训练
初中生要想学好英语一定要提高自己的阅读能力,提高阅读能力的最有效办法是进行广泛的课外阅读,选择不同文体和不同题材文章,培养自己的语感和良好的阅读习惯,丰富知识。制定切实可行的阅读计划,每天或每周几天都要坚持不懈地进行课外阅读。
三、学习英语要灵活运用
学好英语要记单词、学短语、句型要结合具体语境,不要脱离上下文孤立地死记硬背。碰到不熟悉的用法要勤于思考并不断的积累。初中生都要明白,那些英语成绩好的学生开始学英语的时候,也会出现很多的错误,但他们知道如何纠正自己的错误。大家都是可以做到,只要把错误改过去,就自然会变成自己的知识。
初中作为最重要的学习时间段,语文是非常重要的,那么关于中考语文的知识点有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些2024中考语文知识点归纳总结,仅供参考。
语文阅读解题步骤
1.通读文章了解主要内容,揣摩中心思想。
2.认真通读所有题目,理解题意,明确题目的要求。
3.逐条解答,要带着问题,仔细地阅读有关内容,认真地思考、组织答案。
4.检查,看回答是否切题,内容是否完整,语句是否通顺,标点是否正确。
某句话在文中的作用
1.文首:开篇点题;渲染气氛(散文),埋下伏笔(记叙类文章),设置悬念(小说),为下文作辅垫;总领下文;
2.文中:承上启下;总领下文;总结上文;
3.文末:点明中心(散文);深化主题(记叙类文章文章);照应开头(议论文、记叙类文章文、小说)。
修辞手法的作用
(1)它本身的作用;(2)结合句子语境。
1.比喻、拟人:生动形象;
答题格式:生动形象地写出了+对象+特性。
2.排比:有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等;
答题格式:强调了+对象+特性。
3.设问:引起读者注意和思考;
答题格式:引起读者对+对象+特性的注意和思考。
4.反问:强调,加强语气等;
5.对比:强调了……突出了……
6.反复:强调了……加强语气。
句子分析
这样的题目,句子中往往有一个词语或短语用了比喻、对比、借代、象征等表现方法。答题时,把它们所指的对象揭示出来,再联系上下文,围绕主题,挖掘出句子深层含义,再整理一下自己的语言就可以了。
有很多同学在复习中考生物时效率不高,那么关于中考生物的知识点有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些关于中考生物的知识点归纳总结,仅供参考。
一、审题
提倡"勾勾划划,手眼脑齐动",在题目中划出关键词,联系教材知识点,题目设问要求,分析问题,理清解题思路,找出答案。
戒绝先入为主、想当然、惯性思维等不良习惯。
二、答案
1.选择题尽量使用排除法确定答案,对于拿不准的选项,注意:
(1)相信第一印象;
(2)带绝对意思的选项一般不对。
2.非选择题答案:
尽量使用专业术语;
首选教材原文,次用题目原文,最后自编语言;
语句通顺,条理清楚,意思完整;
一般应注意根据所给横线长短确定答案字数;
答案应写在指定位置;
字迹清楚整齐,注意错别字。
三、考试特别注意
(1)先全面浏览试卷,对题目数量、难度心中有数;
(2)答题顺序从前到后,先易后难;
(3)碰到难题不纠缠,其它题目做完后再集中力量攻克之,以保证该拿的分数全部拿到;
(4)没有绝对的把握不要改变第一答案。
中考化学知识需要记忆的内容挺多的,那么中考化学的知识点有哪些呢?一起来看看吧,以下是小编准备的一些中考化学的知识点,仅供参考。
一、铜
CuSO4o5H2O====CuSO4+5H2O↑
现象:固体由蓝色变为白色
高温
CuO+CO====Cu+CO2
现象:固体由黑色逐渐变成红色,同时有能使纯净的石灰水变浑浊的气体生成
H2+CuO====Cu+H2O
现象:固体由黑色逐渐变成红色,同时有水珠生成
Cu+2AgNO3==Cu (NO3)2+2Ag
现象:铜表面慢慢生成了银白色金属
CuCl2+2NaOH==Cu (OH) 2↓+2NaCl
现象:生成了蓝色絮状沉淀
CuO+H2SO4==CuSO4+H2O
现象:黑色固体溶解,生成蓝色溶液
Cu (OH) 2+H2SO4==CuSO4+2H2O
现象:蓝色沉淀溶解,生成蓝色溶液
Fe(Zn)+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu
现象:有红色金属生成
Cu2(OH)2CO3====2CuO+H2O+CO2↑
现象:固体由绿色逐渐变成黑色,同时有能使纯净石灰水变浑浊的气体生成
二、铁
Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2
现象:铁粉慢慢减少,同时有气体生成,溶液呈浅绿色
FeCl2+2NaOH==Fe(OH)2↓+NaCl
现象:有白色絮状沉淀生成
4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O==4Fe(OH)3
现象:氢氧化铁在空气中放置一段时间后,会变成红棕色
Fe (OH) 3+3HCl==FeCl3+3H2O
现象:红棕色絮状沉淀溶解,溶液呈黄色
Fe (OH) 2+2HCl==FeCl2+2H2O
现象:白色絮状沉淀溶解,溶液呈浅绿色
Fe+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu
现象:铁溶解生成红色金属
Fe+AgNO3==Fe(NO3)2+Ag
现象:铁溶解生成银白色的金属
Fe2O3+6HCl==2FeCl3+3H2O
现象:红色固体溶解,生成黄色的溶液
现象:铁剧烈燃烧,火星四射,生成黑色的固体
Zn+FeCl2==ZnCl2+Fe
现象:锌粉慢慢溶解,生成铁
做好课前预习,有助于同学们在新课程的学习中更快更好的掌握新知识。那么关于九年级上册英语第七单元知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些九年级上册英语第七单元知识点,仅供参考。
一、单选:1. D 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B11. D 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
二、完形填空
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
三、阅读: BDBCA DBADC
四、任务型阅读。1. education 2. to learn a skill 3. history
4. to show his students how to learn 5. knows how to teach himself/herself
五、根据首字母和句意写出单词:1. provide 2. represent 3. veterinarian 4. thrilling 5. searching
综合填空1. stand 2. next 3. started 4. before 5. tried
6. with 7. move 8. other 9. pleased 10. write
六、写作。Visiting the Great Wall
There are many places of interest in Beijing. And my favorite one is the
Great Wall.
The Great Wall is considered as one of the seven wonders of the world. It’s about six or seven metres high and four or five metres wide. It has a long history of 2,500 years. It was built by the Ancient Chinese working people.
When we stood on it, we saw around. There are mountains around it. It looked like a huge dragon, magnificent and grand. It’s so famous that many people coming from every parts of the world visit it. The Great Wall is the pride of our nation.
同学们在日常学习中一定要养成一个及时整理知识点的习惯,那么关于九年级上册英语第五单元知识点有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些九年级上册英语第五单元知识点,仅供参考。
一、单项选择 (共10小题,每小题2分,计20分)
( )1. You should play with your pet for _________every day.
A. sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
( )2. I saw many clothes _________ of silk and cotton on display.
A. made B. are made C. made out D. making
( )3. ---_________,Peter. That step is not safe.
--- Thanks.
A. Look up B. Look out C. Look on D. Look round
( )4. ----Oh, so many new flats! I can’t believe that. It used to be a poor village.
----Yes._______ has changed here!
A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything
( )5. ---Excuse me. Can you tell me______________?
----Sure. There ‘s a good restaurant on Main Street.
A. Where I can post letters B. What movie I can see here
C. How I can get to the bus station D. if there ‘s a good place to eat in
( )6. There are many tall buildings on _________ side of the street.
A. either B. all C. both D. nor
( )7. Our family has bought a car so we can travel __________ than before.
A. most easily B. easier C. much easier D. more easily
( )8. ---When did the fireman leave?
---They didn’t leave until they _______ the fire.
A. put up B. put out C. put away D. put on
( )9. Mother asked me to keep the windows _________ and ________ the door.
A. open, closed B. open, close C. opened, closed D. opened, close
( )10. James with the Greens _________ Yan Du Park if it ___________ tomorrow.
A. is going to, isn’t rain B. are going to, doesn’t rain
C. is going to, wont’ rain D. is going to, doesn’t rain
二、完形填空 (共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)
In some science fiction movies, the robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do the most 1 jobs.
Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. 2 , they agree it may
3 hundreds of years. Scientists are now trying to make robots 4 people and do the same things as us.
But robot scientist James White 5 . He thinks that it will be 6 for a robot to do the same things as a person. 7 , it's easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. Mr. White thinks that robots won't be able to do this. But other scientists disagree. They think that robots will be able to talk to people 8 25 to 50 years.
Robot scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people. For example, there are already robots 9 in factories. They do simple jobs over and over again. People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored. But robots will 10 get bored.
In the future, there will be more robots everywhere, and humans will have 11 work to do. New robots will have many different 12 . Some will look like humans, and 13 might look like snakes. After an earthquake (地震), a snake robot could help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes 14 impossible a hundred years ago. We never know 15 will happen in the future!
( )1. A. interesting B. unpleasant C. pleasant D. popular
( )2. A. But B. So C. However D. While
( )3. A. use B. spend C. pay D. take
( )4. A. look like B. look at C. look for D. look up
( )5. A. agrees B. disagrees C. likes D. dislikes
( )6. A. easy B. difficult C. important D. possible
( )7. A. For example B. Instead C. Such as D. Besides
( )8. A. after B. for C. over D. in
( )9. A. worked B. work C. working D. to work
( )10. A. always B. easily C. never D. often
( )11. A. more B. less C. fewer D. little
( )12. A. shapes B. colors C. sizes D. actions
( )13. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others
( )14. A. seem B. seemed C. got D. look
( )15. A. that B. how C. what D. when
三、阅读理解(共5小题,每小题2分,计10分)
Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people.
Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake.
1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you.
2. If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These could fall on you.
3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, don't try to run outside and rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you'11 find it hard getting out. Don't get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong cover near you.
4. When an earthquake has ended, be careful because aftershocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it's safe to get up.
5. If you are at home and you smell gas (煤气) , open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can. A gas line in your house may be broken. This could be very dangerous.
( )1. Most earthquakes are too_________ to hurt people.
A. strong B. weak C. dangerous
( )2.If you are outdoors, it would be safe to _________.
A. go to a playground B. stay under a tree C. stand by the window
( )3. If you're in a shop and far from the door, you'd better_________.
A. rush to the door fight away
B. run after the people quickly
C. hide yourself under a cover near you
( )4. The best title of this passage is "_________".
A. How dangerous the earthquake is
B. How to be safe during an earthquake
C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake
( )5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Most earthquakes are very dangerous, so we must be very careful every day.
B. You'd better keep away from those things that may fall on you wherever you are.
C. If you smell gas at home, try to hide under a desk and don't run outside quickly.
四、词汇
Ⅰ. 根据所给中文提示及首字母写出所缺单词。(共15小题,每小题2分,计30分)
1. He is listening to John_________(静静地) in the next room.
2. The breeze(微风) sounds like a w__________(soft noise).
3. Look! There are dark clouds in the sky. It’s l__________(possible) to rain soon.
4. “Your answer isn’t c___________ at all,” the father said to his son angrily.
5. His parents are working in the factory and he is now at home a__________(only one).
6. A person without a dream is just like a bird without __________(翅膀).
7. Don’t ___________(吓唬) the little girl, or she will cry.
8. I know where he lives, so I don’t have any t_________(problem)in finding his house.
9. How many _________(刷子) are there in the bag?
10. My dog likes to c__________ and catch balls.
11. That supermarket is full of ____________(顾客) every day. What’s the secret?
12. The man is very strange. I found it d________ to get along well with him..
13. What fine weather! The sun is shining brightly ____________(穿过) the window into the room.
14. I was late for class this morning because there was too much ___________(车辆) in the street.
15. Yan cheng is f_________(well or widely known) for the long history.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)
Dear Sir:
I would like to make a comment on the plastic bags which we use in our daily life.
I thought that 1 effect from all these bags on our environment was well-known and that most people know they should not keep 2 them but collect them in the dustbin. However, one of the 3 near my home seems to use 4 of these bags than ever before. Red ones, white ones and blue plastic ones---it 5 no difference. They don’t 6 about the problems of environment.
They still use plastic bags to wrap most of the things every day. When I went shopping the other day, I bought two things, and I 7 three bags to wrap __8____.Is it necessary 9 so many bags? Everyone should realize 10 important it is to clean our environment.
Yours sincerely,
Tony Wang
1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4.____________5. ____________
6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9.____________10. ___________
五、根据所给提示将下列各句译成英语 (共5 小题,每小题 3分, 计15分)
1. 跟往常一样,我们没看到什么异常。
_________________, we didn’t see ____________________.
2.张华用毯子扑灭大火。
Zhang Hua ________ _________ the fire _________the blanket.
3.我们想推荐汤姆获得今年青年奖。
We want to _________ Tom ______ this year’s Youth ________.
4. 他的叔叔整天忙于生意。
His uncle _______ ________ __________ his business all day.
5. 到最近的.景点打的需要十二分钟。
It __________ twenty minutes ____________ the nearest tourist attraction _______________.
学习要养成归纳的习惯,这也是学习任何知识的重要方法,那么九年级上册英语第九单元知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些九年级上册英语第九单元知识点,仅供参考。
记单词有窍门
单词是英语学习的基础,它是垒起英语这座长城的坚硬的.基石。初三复习阶段,单词的记忆是非常重要的。下面,笔者为大家介绍一些巧记单词的方法。
选择最佳记忆时间
每一个同学都有不同的记忆习惯和最佳记忆时间,通过实践摸索,同学们可以选择自己记忆效果最佳的时间。如每天清晨或每晚临睡以前,坚持每天背单词的习惯。
运用单词本身的规律
记单词时,我们应该结合单词的构词法、词性转换或同义词、反义词的归纳来巧记单词。如:care(n./V.)-careful(adj.)-careless(adj.)-carefully(adv.)-carelessly(adv.)-carefulness(n.)-care鄄lessness(n.)
利用多种感官记忆
同学们在背单词时,常常是读读写写,边读边背。事实上,利用听觉来加强记忆也能起到很好的效果。如把单词的读音、拼写和汉语词义录在录音机里,在临睡前或上下学的路上反复听,它能刺激我们的无意注意,强化记忆,轻轻松松就记住了单词。
通过归类记忆
在记忆单词时,同学们还可以有目的地进行单词整理,如把单词归类,写在小卡片上,利用平时空闲的时间进行专项的单词记忆。如体育项目类:
high-jump(跳高),long-jump(跳远),discus-throwing(掷铁饼),relay-race(接力跑),110-meterhurdles(110米跨栏),diving(跳水),fencing(击剑),boxing(拳击),tabletennis(乒乓球),tennis(网球),badminton(羽毛球),volleyball(排球),football(足球),basketball(篮球),gymnastics
(体操)等。
遵循记忆规律
在背单词的过程中,很多同学都有这样的经历,明明自己背过的单词不久以后却又忘了。这就需要我们遵循记忆规律,经常循环地复习。通常,以每两周进行一次单词总复习为宜。
英语学科对于学生来说是比较难的一个科目,那么九年级上册英语第八单元知识点有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些人教版九年级上册英语第八单元知识点,仅供参考。
笔试部分(共95分)
I. 单项填空(每小题1分,共15分)
( )26.----Where is Beth ? ----She to her hometown .
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. have gone
( )27. –Could you tell me Fairmont ? ---The day after tomorrow . I think.
A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
( )28.—He to school by bike but now he to school on foot .
A. used to going ; get used to go B. used to go ; gets used to going
C. used to go ; gets used to go D. gets used to going ; gets used to go
( )29. –Zhou Jielun is so cool . I’m his fan. ---
A. So do I B. So I do C. So am ID. So I am
( )30.Whith the help of the government, many poor Children can get chances to school.
A. go B. to go C. goes D. going
( )31.Japan is a country while china is a country.
A. developing ; developed B. developing ; developing C. developed; developing D. developed ; developed
( )32.In china about of people live in the country.
A. three fifth B. third fifth C. third fifths D. three fifths
( )33. Maria has never been to Shanghai. ?
A. isn’t she B. hasn’t she C. has she D. is she
( )34.---Why do you come here? ---We are here to the public services.
A. provide ; to B. provide ; with C. provide ; for D. provide ; in
( )35.HuMing for about two yeas.
A. has joined the army B. has been a soldier C. was a soldier D. joined the aumy
( )36. I have the Great wall twice . It is an place.
A. been to ; excited B. gone to ; exciting C. been to ; exciting D. gone to ; excited
( )37.My English is very poor. I can’t learn it well you help me .
A. if B. unless C. while D. when
( )38.Lily told John for class again next time ,
A. not late B. don’t he late C. didn’t late D. not to be late
( )39. ----What did Ann ask you just now , Tom? --- She asked for the bike.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
( )40.----Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow? ---- It has rained for ten days . It’s too wet every where.
A.I hope not B. I’m sure it is C. I’m afraid to will D. I hope so .
II、完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
阅读短文,掌握其大意。然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的.最佳答案,并将其标号填入题前的括号内。
Pan Weihong, 14, from Taizhou, Zhejiang, was watching news on her computer when her mother came in. Her mother immediately asked her to turn off the computer, but Pan 41 .
“I was taking a rest. I wasn’t going to use it for 42 ,” said Pan. “But she didn’t listen. I couldn’t understand her!”
Many teenagers often feel the 43 as Pan. Growing up, they might feel as if their parents want to 44 them.
The main reason behind this all is that teenagers are becoming more independent (独立的) and want to make their own decisions, 45 parents have their worries too.
Pan’s mother thought Pan was “too young to use the computer 46 ”.
Besides, 47 children and parents have stresses in their own lives. Children have to study hard. Their parents need to 48 the whole family. Without a proper way to ease (减轻) the stress, it’s 49 to bring it home with you.
To solve the problem, children 50 walk in their parents’ shoes, said Xia Ziting, 15, from Nanjing, Jiangsu.
“ 51 our parents do is the life experience that we don’t have now. More often than not, they are right,” she said. “They may just use the wrong way of telling us.”
Wang Jiannan, 15, from Taiyuan, Shanxi, 52 that teenagers find the right time and right way to talk to their parents.
“Don’t argue with them when they’re very angry. It’s taken me many painful (痛苦的)
53 _ to learn that,” he laughed. Wang 54 talking to parents in an easy tone when doing housework together, during a walk, or, as he usually does, at dinnertime.
“After all, no one wants to argue on a (an) 55 stomach !” he said.
41. A. agreed B. refused C. received D. forgot
42. A. short B. ever C. long D. years
43. A. same B. different C. serious D. unfair
44. A. understand B. love C. support D. control
45. A. but B. and C. or D. so
46. A. incorrectly B. properly C. happily D. excitedly
47. A. neither B. either C. both D. all
48. A. lose B. encourage C. support D. reply
49. A. difficult B. good C. exciting D. easy
50. A. could B. should C. would D. might
51. A. What B. Which C. That D. Whether
52. A. taught B. warned C. advised D. used
53. A. subjects B. lessons C. suggestions D. diseases
54 A. said B. continued C. imagined D. suggested
55. A. empty B. full C. big D. angry
III. 阅读理解(每小题2分,共40分)
阅读A、B、C、D、四篇材料,然后从各个小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
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八年级地理知识蛮难的,一起来看看接下来的总结归纳。下面是为大家整理的八年级地理知识点总结归纳,喜欢可以收藏分享。
八年级地理知识点一起学习起来!下面整理的知识点详细,但还不够全面,希望能帮到大家。
影响气候的主要因素有纬度位置、大气环流、海陆分布、洋流和地形。纬度位置、大气环流是全球性的地带性因素,海陆分布、洋流和地形是非地带性因素。
影响气候的基本因素是纬度位置。地球是个大球体,太阳照射的角度因为地方所处纬度不同就不一样,有直射的,有斜射的,有的地方整天或几个月都受不到阳光照射。
各地方的太阳高度角不同,所以接受太阳光热多少就不一样,气温高低也相差悬殊。气温越高的地方纬度越低。气温越低的地方纬度越高。造成世界各地气温不同的主要原因是所处纬度位置不同。
形成各种气候类型和天气变化的主要因素是大气环流。大气圈内空气做不同规模运行统称为大气环流。大气中热量、水汽等输送和交换的重要方式就是大气环流。行星风系、季风环流、海陆风、山谷风等都是大气环流的表现形式。人们常说的大气环流主要指行星风系。气候特征,尤其是降水的变化,在不同气压带和风带控制下有显著的差异。形成各种不同的气候类型的原因还有风带和气压带随季节的移动。
海陆分布改变了降水和气温的地带性分布。由于海洋和陆地的物理性质不同,在强烈的阳光照射下海洋的增温慢,陆地的增温快。阳光减弱后,海洋降温慢而陆地降温快。海洋与陆地表面空气中,所含水汽多少不同。
能破坏气候分布的地带性的是地形的起伏。地形是非地带性因素,不同地形对气候有不同影响。同一纬度,地势越高,气温越低,降水是随高度的升高而增加的,但是是在一定高度的范围内。
八年级生物学习需要知识点总结归纳。下面是为大家整理的八年级生物知识点总结归纳,喜欢可以收藏分享。
各种环境中的动物
动物的分类:
根据动物体有无脊柱可分为脊椎动物和无脊椎动物。
第一节、水中生活的动物
鱼的体形是梭形的。
鱼的体表有鳞片,可以分泌黏液。
鱼的体色一般是腹白背暗,背暗作为保护色。
鱼的身体分布为头、躯干、尾。
鱼的感觉器官是侧线,鱼的侧线用来感觉水流、测定方向。
鱼的运动器官有鳍、尾、胸腹、尾部和躯干,尾用来控制并保持前进方向,胸腹用来保持平衡,尾部和躯干产生前进的动力对整体起协调作用。
鱼能呼吸是靠鳃、口与鳃盖交替张合,鳃丝内布满毛细血管,有利于气体交换。
适应水中生活的特点:
鱼之所以能在水中生活,有两个特点:
一是靠鳍在游泳中获取食物和防御敌害。
二是在水中用鳃呼吸。
鱼离不开水的原因:
鱼的呼吸器官是鳃,鳃中的鳃丝在水中时能展开,离开水就不能展开,得不到充足氧气,鱼就会死亡。
四大家鱼是草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼。
第二节、陆地上生活的动物
陆地动物适应陆地环境的形态结构特征:
(1)与陆地气候相对干燥相适应,陆地生活动物一般具有防止水分散失的结构。爬行动物有角质的鳞或甲,昆虫有外骨骼。
(2)陆地动物不受水的浮力作用,一般具有支持躯体和运动的器官。
(3)陆地生活的动物除蚯蚓等动物外,一般有能在空气中呼吸的位于身体内部的各种呼吸器官,比如气管和肺。
(4)陆地生活的动物普遍具有发达的神经系统和感觉器官,能够及时对多变的环境做出反应。
七年级地理的知识点多,但不是很难。下面是为大家整理的七年级地理知识点,喜欢可以收藏分享。
初一七年级地理知识点包括地理位置和地形、主要山脉和河流、气候、自然资源、人口和城市、经济和交通等。
一、地理位置和地形:
1、位于亚洲东部的中国,东临太平洋,横跨北亚北部、东亚东部、东南亚次大陆和西南亚西部四大自然地理区域。
2、呈阶梯状的中国地势,由西南到东北逐渐升高。中国的地形类型主要有高山、高原、丘陵和平原地带。
二、主要山脉和河流:
1、中国的主要山脉包括喜马拉雅山脉、昆仑山脉、大兴安岭、祁连山、天山山脉、秦岭山脉等。东西走向的有天山、阴山、昆仑山、秦岭、南岭。东西走向靠北的是天山、阴山。东西走向的中间一列是昆仑山和秦岭。东西走向靠南的有南岭。东北到西南走向自西向东分为三列,包括西侧一列的大兴安岭、太行山、巫山、雪峰山等,中间一列的长白山、武夷山等,最东一列的是台湾岛上的台湾山脉。
2、中国的主要河流包括黄河、长江、珠江、黑龙江等。
三、气候:
1、类型多样的中国的气候有亚热带季风、温带季风、寒温带和高原气候等。
2、中国的北方气候寒冷干燥,是大陆性气候特征。中国的南方气候温暖湿润,是海洋性气候特征。
四、自然资源:
1、中国的矿产资源丰富,有煤炭、铁矿石、油气等。
2、中国的植物资源多样,包括茶叶、水果、粮食等。
3、中国的水资源丰富,有世界上主要河流和大型湖泊。
五、人口和城市:
1、中国是世界上人口众多的国家。
2、中国有北京、上海、广州、深圳等主要城市。
六、经济和交通:
1、中国的主要经济支柱是科学技术、制造业和服务业等。
2、中国拥有世界最大的铁路网和公路网,交通发达。
七年级生物大家学习得怎么样?下面是为大家整理的七年级生物知识点总结归纳,喜欢可以收藏分享。
七年级生物知识点包括但不限于认识生物、了解生物圈等。
一、认识生物
1、生物的特征
(1)生物生活是需要营养的。
(2)能进行呼吸的是生物。
(3)生物可以排出体内产生的废物。
(4)生物对外界刺激能够做出反应。
(5)生物可以生长和繁殖。
(6)生物有特性,例如遗传和变异。
(7)生物是由细胞构成的,病毒除外。
2、观察和调查是科学探究的基本方法
二、了解生物圈
1、生物圈:
生物圈是地球上所有的生物与其环境的总和。
2、生物与环境的关系
生物的生存空间,以及存在于它周围的各种影响因素都是生物的生活环境。生态因素是环境中影响生物的生活和分布的因素。生态因素可分为光、水分、温度等非生物因素和影响某种生物生活的其他生物等生物因素。
3、生物与环境组成生态系统
(1)生态系统的概念:
生物与环境在一定的空间范围内所形成的统一整体叫生态系统。森林、农田、草原、湖泊等都可以作为一个生态系统。
(2)生态系统由两部分的组成:
一是生产者、消费者、分解者等生物部分。
二是阳光、水、空气、温度等非生物部分。
(3)生态系统中的生产者是植物,生态系统中的消费者是动物,生态系统中的分解者是细菌和真菌。在一般情况下,生态系统中数量最大的应该是生产者。
(4)食物链和食物网:
不同生物之间,在生态系统中由于吃与被吃的关系而形成的链状结构就叫食物链。
生态系统中往往有很多条食物链,彼此交错连接,形成食物网。
①沿着食物链和食物网流动的是生态系统中的物质和能量。
②食物链的起始环节是生产者,食物链的终点为消费者,且不被其他动物捕食。
③生物数量随着营养级越高越少。
④沿食物链,有毒物质进行着积累,越高营养级别的生物体内的有毒物质积累越多。
(5)生态系统具有一定的自动调节能力:
生态系统中生物的数量和所占比例在一般情况下是相对稳定的。这说明生态系统有一定自动调节的能力。但自动调节能力是有限度的,超过就会被破坏。
4、生物圈是最大的生态系统
(1)生物圈的范围:
水圈的大部、岩石圈的表面、大气圈的底部就是生物圈。
(2)生物圈为生物的生存提供了基本条件:
水、适宜的温度,还有营养物质、阳光、空气以及一定的生存空间。
(3)生态系统的类型:
绿色水库、地球之肺等森林生态系统、草原生态系统、湿地生态系统、淡水生态系统、农田生态系统、海洋生态系统、城市生态系统等,湿地生态系统是地球之肾。
七年级生物需要使用显微镜。下面是为大家整理的七年级生物练习使用显微镜方法,喜欢可以收藏分享。
七年级生物练习使用显微镜首先要了解显微镜的构造。
显微镜的镜座一般是稳定镜身。镜柱是为了支撑显微镜镜柱以上的部分。显微镜的镜臂就是大家握镜的部位。显微镜放置玻片标本的地方就叫载物台。载物台的中央有通光孔,两旁各有一个用于固定所观察的物体的压片夹。遮光器上面有大小不等的圆孔叫光圈,每个光圈都能对准通光孔,可以用来调节光线的强弱。
显微镜的反光镜是可以转动的,能让光线经过通光孔反射上来。反光镜两面是不同的,在光强的时候使用平面镜,在光弱的时候使用凹面镜。
显微镜的镜筒的上端装目镜,下端有转换器,在转换器上装物镜,后方有准焦螺旋。
准焦螺旋有粗准焦螺旋和细准焦螺旋。
粗准焦螺旋:
在转动的时候,镜筒升降的幅度大。
细准焦螺旋:
在转动的时候,镜筒升降的幅度很小。
接下来我们介绍一下显微镜的使用。先取镜和安放,再对光,再观察,最后收镜装箱。
从目镜内看到的物像是倒像,观察到的物像是与实际图像相反的。在这里要注意的是,玻片的移动方向和视野中物象的移动方向也是相反。
放大的倍数越大,观察的物像越大,但观察的视野范围就越小,观察到数目越少。物镜倍数乘目镜倍数就是放大倍数。
观察的生物标本要想放在显微镜下应该薄而透明,光线能透过,才能观察清楚。因此要制成玻片标本,切片、涂片、装片都是常用的玻片标本,大家要注意三者的区别,有临时和永久之分。英国物理学家罗伯特虎克通过观察软木薄片发现了细胞。
七年级生物需要学习生物圈知识点。下面是为大家整理的七年级生物了解生物圈知识点,喜欢可以收藏分享。
地球上所有的生物与其环境的总和就是生物圈的定义。
生物圈里生活环境的定义是生物的生存空间和周围的影响因素。
生态因素指的是环境中影响生物生活和分布的因素。
生态因素有非生物因素和生物因素两种分类。
阳光、空气、温度、水、土壤性质等是非生物因素。
影响某种生物生活的其他生物是生物因素。
捕食关系、竞争关系、合作关系、寄生关系等形成生物与生物之间的关系。
生物与环境之间的关系是生物能适应环境,也能影响和改变环境。非生物的无机自然环境和其他生物都是生物生存的环境。在环境中生存的生物,为生物的生存提供物质和能量的是环境,以及栖息场所。生物之间的关系包括种间关系和种内关系,既互助也斗争。
生态系统指的是生物与环境在一定的空间范围内所形成的统一整体。
生态系统中非生物部分包含阳光、空气、水、温度、土壤等。将生态系统中的每个环节中的所有生物分别称重的话,重量最重的应该是生产者。
生态系统中,生物种类和数量越多,食物链和食物网越复杂,自动调节能力越强,森林生态系统就比草原生态系统自动调节能力强。
生物圈范围是以海平面来划分的,向上10千米,向下10千米,共20千米。大气圈的底部,水圈的大部和岩石圈的表面都囊括其中。可飞翔的鸟类、昆虫、细菌等一般生活在大气圈的底部,距海平面150米内的水层是水圈的大部,一切陆生生物的“立足点”在于岩石圈的表面。