中考英语的重点知识点【精选三篇】
主谓一致知识点
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. isB. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right.一切顺利。
All are present.人都到齐了。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。
现在分词变化规则知识点
1、 一般在词尾加-ing(一般-ing)。例如: going,playing,knowing
2、 以不发音的字母e结尾,先去e再加-ing(去哑e)。例如:making,arriving,coming
3、 以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing(重闭单辅先双写)。例如:running,stopping,preferring
4、 以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。例如:tying,dying, lying
口诀:现在进行ing,以e 结尾要去e,除去几个特殊词,系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying,直接ie变成y,一元一辅双写辅(单音节的词)。
完型填空常用词组知识点
1.With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下
2.be strict withsb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格
3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时
4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上
5. lie in 位于~~之内 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外
6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点
7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义
8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出
9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲giveway让步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come thisway 这边走
10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角)in the corner 在角落里(内角)on the corner 在角落上(外角上)
11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断
12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时 at the beginning of 在~~开始时 at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~岁时 at the foot of 在~~脚下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~顶上 at/on the edge of 在~~边上
13. in the course of 在~~过程中 in the eyes of 从~~观点看来,在~~眼里 in the face of 面对~,尽管,纵使 in the middle of 在~中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后
14. on the eve of 在~~前夕 on the side of 在~~一边
15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时,有一段时间
16. behind time 迟到,过期 behind the times 落在时代后面
17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即,马上
18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常,一直,始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在~~的时候 by the time 到~~的时候
19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当~~一刹那
20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新,又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
21. 以 break 为中心的词组
break away from 脱离,逃离 break down 破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,抛锚 break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦,破碎;解散,分开,分解
22. 以 catch 为中心的词组
be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车 / 火车 catch a cold 伤风,感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现,瞥见 catch up with 赶上,追及,追上
23. 以 come 为中心的词组 come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现 come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来;恢复,复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 来自,起源于,从~~ 产生,生于 come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次 come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成 come into
power 开始执政,当权,当选 come into use 开始使用,获得应用 come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;(问题)被提出 come to know 开始了解到 come out 出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露 come to 苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归结于 come to an end 终止,结束 come true 实现,成为现实;证实 come up 走近;上楼;长出,发芽
24. 以 do 为中心的词组
be done in 精疲力竭
be done with 完全结束
do a good deed 做一件好事
do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于
do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于
do its work 有效,有作用
do much 极有用
do wrong to 做错
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业
do one’s utmost 尽力而为
do proud 足以使~~ 骄傲
do sb. justice 公平对待某人
do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生
do sb. a favor 帮助某人
do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮
do with 和~~ 相处,忍受,处理
do without 不需要,不用
do wonders 创造奇迹
have much to do with 和~~ 很有关系
have nothing to do with 与~~ 无关
have something to do with 和~~ 有关
in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下
That will do. 行了;够了