英语备考词汇大全【实用三篇】
掌握词汇是学好英语的先决条件,其中道理不言自明,就像建大楼离不开砖瓦一样。词汇学习贯穿英语学习的始终,是英语学习的基础环节,接下来百文网小编为你整理了英语备考词汇大全,一起来看看吧。
英语备考词汇(1)
7.answer / reply
answer:回答,回应。例如:
例39:“Tom!” No one answered.
例40:Please answer the door-bell. (请去开门。)
例41:He answered that he knew nothing about it.
例42:No one was able to answer him a word.
reply:回答,答复。作不及物动词时,后需接to再接宾语;作及物动词时,后直接接that从句或what从句,或用于倒装句。例如:
例43:He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44:He replied that he would not go.
例45:Not a word did she reply.(她一句话也不应。)
answer当名词用时,与reply一样,要接to。例如:
例46:He made no answer / reply to his questions.
8.appear / look / seem
appear:显得,好像。有时含有表面上显得,而事实未必的意味。例如:
例47:This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
(这种苹果看起来好,实际吃起来酸。)
seem:好像。暗示判断有一定根据,往往接近事实。例如:
例48:You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
(你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。)
例49:It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look:好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如:
例50:What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51:It looks like rain. (看来要下雨了。)
9.argue / quarrel
argue:辩论,争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张,着重说理。如:
例52:What are you arguing about?
例53:I argued with him the whole day.
quarrel:争论,争吵,吵架。例如:
例54:It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. (为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。)
10.arrive / reach / get
arrive,reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用,它和reach是比较正式的用语;reach是及物动词;get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词(如here, there, home等)时,不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成(协议),作出(决定)”的意思。例如:
例55:When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
例56:At five, they arrived in Beijing.
例57:The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday.
例58:At what time did you get to the post office?
例59:The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion.
(几个小时的讨论后,双方还是没能达成一致意见。)
11.ask / inquire / question
ask:问(ask sb sth或ask sth of sb);请求(ask sb to do sth);要,索取(ask for sth)。例如:
例60:May I ask you some questions?
例61:Why did he ask you to come again?
例62:Did he ask for anything?
inquire:问,询问。它与ask同义,但是比较正式的用语;与into连用时,表示“查究,调查”的意思。例如:
例63:I have inquired of him whether he could help me. (我已经问过他能否帮我。)
例64:We must inquire into the matter. (=look into,我们必须调查此事。)
question:提问,质问,审问,怀疑。例如:
例65:At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.
例66:I question whether he was once questioned by the police.
(我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。)
12.be about to do sth / be to do sth
be about to do:即将,正要做……不加任何时间短语。例如:
例67:We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
be to do:计划,约定;应该。例如:
例68:We are to start tomorrow.
例69:What is to be done next?(下一步做什么?)
13.be careful of / be careful with
be careful of:小心,当心,留神,注意。例如:
例70:The public were warned to be careful of rats. (公众被警告要当心老鼠。)
be careful with:细心,注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如:
例71:You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. (你得注意你的工作/发音。)
14.be familiar with / be familiar to
be familiar with:对……熟悉。例如:
例72:Most of us are familiar with the pop star.
例73:John was very familiar with this kind of situation.
be familiar to:对……来说是熟悉的;为……所熟知。例如:
例74:The pop star is familiar to most of us.
例75:This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)
15.be known for / be known as / be known to
be known for:因……而出名。例如:
例76:Our town is known for its stones.
be known as:作为……而出名。例如:
例77:The town is known as a stone town.
be known to:被……知晓,了解。例如:
例78:The hot spring city is known to every one of them.
英语备考词汇攻略
1. 利用构词法。熟记前缀、字根、后缀、派生词构成规律、合成词构成规律等,遇到生词时往往就可以猜测出它的意思。例如,前缀semi-表示“(一)半”,那么就容易推出semicircle是“半圆”的意思了。
2. 归类法。只要注意归类比较,意义上的相近、相反,读音、词形、所属范畴的相近等都可以成为加强记忆的手段。将同类一组词放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,脑海中就会浮现出一组词,这样效率就大大提高了。例如,我们可以把表示“笑”的词语放在一起来记:smile, laugh, giggle, grin, chuckle, beam, smirk, sneer, chortle等。
3. 有计划地反复重现。教育心理学把记忆分为瞬时记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆。顾名思义,瞬时记忆储存时间很短,我们需要将它转化为长时记忆才能达到掌握的目的。科学研究证明,遗忘的规律是先快后慢,新记忆在最初几个小时内遗忘得最快,如果4至7天内不重复出现,记忆将会受到抑制,甚至完全消失。而有计划地反复重现已学词汇则有增强记忆的效果。
可以制作一个小单词本,随时随地翻一下。也可以选择一本词典,勤翻翻,多看看,多模仿,多思考,多回顾。《朗文当代高级英语辞典》(英英•英汉双解)是较适合大学生使用的学习型词典,它收词量达8.2万余条,更为重要的是,它所有的例句均选自词量达3.28亿之巨的庞大语料库,无论口语,或是书面语,都可以保证语言的纯正地道,这样学习者模仿时就有了可靠的依据。而且,根据学生常犯错误安排了数百条用法说明,时时刻刻提醒学习者单纯把握词义是不够的,还要“熟其脾性”。
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英语备考词汇(3)
1.accuse / charge
accuse 和charge都有“指责,控告”之意,有时可通用,但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行,其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行,其结构为charge sb with sth,此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。例如:
例1:My father accused me of my being too careless. (父亲责备我太粗心。)
例2:He accused me of neglecting my duty. (他指控我玩忽职守。)
例3:He charged me with neglecting my duty. (同上)
例4:Jimmy was charged with murder. (吉米被控谋杀。)
例5:He was charged with an important task. (他担负有一项重要任务。)
2.add / add to / add up / add up to
add:增加,把……加上。add…to…:把……加到。例如:
例6:At the end of the party, we added another program.
例7:You needn’t add any water to the medicine.
add to:增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如:
例8:His coming added to our trouble. (他的到来给我们添了麻烦。)
add up:加起来。例如:
例9:Have you added up all the numbers?
add up to:总计。表示加起来的结果,无被动结构。例如:
例10:All the numbers added up to 100.
3.advise / suggest
advise:建议,劝说。例如:
例11:I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)
例12:I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest,虚拟语气。)
例13:I advised him to give up smoking.
例14:I advised him not to smoke.
例15:Could you advise us on how to learn English?
例16:Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?
suggest:建议,表明,暗示。例如:
例17:We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)
例18:We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise,虚拟语气。)
例19:His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. (他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。)
4.agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with:同意,赞成(后接“人”或what从句作宾语);适合,适应;一致。例如:
例20:I don’t quite agree with you.
例21:Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22:The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. (这里的天气我们多数人不适应。)
例23:Your words do not agree with your actions. (你的言行不一。)
agree to:同意,赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如:
例24:John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on:对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如:
例25:Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
5.allow / permit / let / promise
allow:允许,许可。指听任或默许,也可用来表示客气的请求。例如:
例26:Who allowed you to leave the camp?
例27:Smoking is not allowed here.
例28:Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit:允许,许可。通常指正式的许可。例如:
例29:He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别,但实际运用中两者常通用。
let:允许,让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如:
例30:Don’t let this happen again.
例31:This is not allowed to happen again. (不说:This is not let to happen again.)
promise:答应,允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如:
例32:They promised an immediate reply.
例33:He promised to start at once.
例34:I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)
6.announce / declare
announce:宣布,宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如:
例35:The government announced that the danger was past.
例36:It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外,要表达“向某人宣布某事”,应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。例如:
例37:He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
(他向我们宣布了这个消息,然后对我们说:“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”)
declare:宣布,声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如:
例38:The chairman declared the exhibition open. (主席宣布展览会开幕。)