英语必修一语法知识点(合集三篇)
英语教学的最终目的就是要培养学生与外界交流信息、表达思想的能力。语法是一个非常重要的工具,它可以帮助人们理解和运用语言。接下来百文网小编为你整理了英语必修一语法知识点,一起来看看吧。
英语必修一语法知识点:定语从句
概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用。
1.关系代词that的用法
关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语
例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主语)
2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(指物,作宾语)
3)Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? (指人,作主语)
4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,(指人,作宾语)
2. 关系代词which的用法
关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语
例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. (作主语)
2)The fish (which) we bought this morningwere not fresh. (作宾语)
3. 关系代词who,whom的用法
关系代词who,whom只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.(作主语)
2)The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. (作宾语)、
4. 关系代词whose在的用法
关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。
例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. (指人,作主语)
2) The roomwhose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主语)
3)He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. (指物,作宾语)
5. 关系副词when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语
例:1)I’ll neverforget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=onwhich) we first met three years ago?
6.关系副词where在定语从句中的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语
例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) wefirst met.
2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7.关系副词why在定语从句中的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why(= for which) I left.
2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed thetrain.
英语必修一语法知识点:直接引语和间接引语
概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr.Black said that he was busy.
陈述句的变化规则
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时 |
例:
“I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:
He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”
He said that light travels much faster thansound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
this | that |
these | those |
now | then |
ago | before/earlier |
today | that day |
yesterday | the day before |
tomorrow | the next/following day |
the day after tomorrow | In two day’s time |
come | go |
here | there |
the day before yesterday | two days before/earlier |
英语必修一语法知识点:变化规则
(一)祈使句的变化规则
如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(二)疑问句的变化规则
如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.
2) 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
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