2017英语中考知识点盘点(合集2篇)
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2017英语中考知识点盘点:副词
1.副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite
地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently
频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,nor
疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only
2.副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:We should listen to our teachers carefully.(修饰动词)He is very happy today.(表时间)
“What happened?”I asked,rather angrily.(修饰adv./In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.(表地点)
3.副词的位置
①时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。I will do it omorrow.②疑问副词:how,when,where,why放在句子的开头。如Where did he go yesterday?
③关系副词,连接副词放在所连接从句的开头I should like to know when the new term will begin?
④频度副词通常都放在动词前面,但若句子里面有情态动词,助动词或动词be,就放在这类动词的后面。例如:He often does this./You must always bear this in mind.
⑤副词排列顺序
a)时间,地点副词,小单位在前,大单位在后
b)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.
c)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。He worked very well here last week.
注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能直接修饰动词。改错:I very like English.
★4.常见副词用法辨析
(1)already,yet与still的区别
①already用于现在完成时态的肯定句句中,表示“已经”;He had already left when I called.
②yet用于现在完成时态的否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”。
Have you found your ruler yet?/I haven’t finished my homework yet.
③still表事情还在进行He still works until late every night.
(2)so与such的区别
①so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词。如:
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him./He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
②a)so修饰的结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”。
b)such修饰的结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,
c)“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”。如He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
(改错)It is so cold weather.They are so good students.③如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such。如:
so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数。
so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词。
So time so people A so many B so few C so much D such little
(3)also,too,as well与either的区别also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。如:
My father is a teacher.My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher.My mother is a teacher as well.
=My father is a teacher.My mother is a teacher,too.I can’t speak French,Jenny can’t speak French,either.
(4)sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别
sometime某一时间,某一时刻(可指将来时,也可指过去时)/sometimes有时,不时的
some time一段时间/some times几次,几倍
如:We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.()
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.()/I have been to Beijing some times.()
(5)ago与before的区别
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。如:
I saw him ten minutes ago./He told me that he had seen the film before.
(6)how的几个短语:
①how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问;
②how soon“多久以后”,常用于将来时态,对in引导的一段时间提问;
③how long“多久”用于过去时、完成时或其他时态,常对于for或since引导的时间状语提问;
④how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问;
⑤how much“多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。
⑥how many”多少”对可数名词数量进行提问。⑦how far“多远”对距离进行提问
如:have you been like this?-For 2 days./-does he wash his face?–Once a day.
Will be come back?-In five minutes./-is it from your home to your school?
(7)hard与hardly的用法:①hard作为副词意思是“努力地,猛烈地”,They study English very hard.
②hardly是否定词,意思是:“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。
You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.
(8)now,just与just now的区别
①now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为“现在”
②just:与现在完成时连用,表示“刚……”③just now:和过去时连用,表示“刚才”
Where does he live______?/We have_______seen the film../He was here______.
三.形容词,副词的比较级、最高级
1.规则变化
2.不规则变化(1)(资料P98)不规则变化表更多资料QQ378459309制作:
(2)下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
原级比较级最高级
like(相似的,同样的)more like most like
real(真的)more real most real
tired(疲乏的)more tired most tired
pleased(高兴的)more pleased most pleased
often(经常)more often most often
★四.形容词,副词等级的用法
1.原级的用法
(1)有very,quite,so,too,enough等修饰的词,用原级如:He is too tired to walk on.
(2)肯定句中A…+as+(adj./adv.的原级)+as+B A和B一样
否定句中A…+not as(so)+(adj./adv.的原级)+as+B A和B不一样
eg:Tom is as old as Kate./Tom is twice as old as Kate.
This room is not as/so(big)as that one.这个房间不如那个大。
2.比较级的用法
(1)A...+比较级+than+B A比B…(用比较级)Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
(2)可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far;a little,a bit;even;still,表程度It is much colder today than yesterday.
(3)选择疑问句中,二选一时Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?
(4)用比较级表示最高级的意思
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国长江比其它任何一条河都长。
(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”
如:He is getting taller and taller./The flowers are more and more beautiful.
(6)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”
如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
(7)在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.
(8)表示倍数的比较:A...+倍数+than+B A是B的几倍。如:This room is three times bigger than that one.
3.最高级的用法(用于三者及三者以上人或事物相比较)
(1)形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。
(2)有范围(in,of,among或从句等)修饰的常用最高级。
This is the best film that I have ever seen./Winter is the coldest season of the year.
(3)one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+(in/of短语)”表“…是…最…之一”。
如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China北京是中国最大城市之一。
(4)选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?Which season do you like(the)best,spring,summer or autumn?
(5)表示“第几个最……”时,用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数”的结构。
如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
(5)形容词最高级前有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格修饰时不能用定冠词。This is our best lesson today.
注意:注:当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较,要用any other+单数名词.若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other,直接用any+单数名词.
He is taller than_____boy in his class.He is taller than_____boy in our class.A.any B.any other
2017英语中考知识点盘点:定语从句
一 名词性从句:
1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. :
3. 形式宾语
4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句
5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二: 定语从句
1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.
3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句
5. 代/名+介词+which 从句
6. 同位语从句和定语从句
三、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
四、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
五、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。