高中英语易错的知识点汇总分析(2篇)
在英语的学习中,学生要有一本的错题集,这样才能避免错过的题再错,下面百文网的小编将为大家带来高中英语易错的知识点的介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。
高中英语阅读理解的解题的细节
此类试题一般又可分为两类:
一是直接理解题,答案可在原文中直接找到;
二是词义转换题,答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换,而不能在原文中直接找到。
命题形式
这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如:等来提问的。
如
(1)Which of the following statements is true / NOT true / false, according to the passage?
(2)Which of the following statements is (not) correct?
(3)In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned?
(4)All the following statements are not true except ______.
(5)All the statements are true except______.
(6)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?
(7)When/Where did the story happen?
了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解题有一定帮助。一般来说,设计这些题目时,编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思,以此来考察读者对文段中某一信息的理解。解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练掌握所学范围内的词汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。
实例分析
下面是选自全国的一篇高考阅读题。短文后面的阅读理解题的设计采用了替换词汇(单词、词组或短语)、替换句型、转换表达形式等命题方式。我们通过对这些例题的分析,具体了解一些阅读理解题的设计特点和解题的基本方法。
The basenji is a central African hunting dog. It comes from a country called Chad, which is north of the Central African Republic. The basenji was well-known as the “silent dog” because for centuries no basenjis had ever been known to bark (吠). Then at a dog show in London in 1953, a basenji actually barked.As well as being clever, basenjis are known for their natural courage and are still popular hunting dogs in Africa. But in America people keep them mainly because they are gentle and full of fun. The basenji has an unusual habit; it washes itself all over like a cat. It is a middle-sized dog, 16 or 17 inches higher from the shoulder. It weighs about 20 pounds. A basenji’s coat is short and silky. It may be brown, white, or gold, or a mixture of these three colours.
1. Basenjis were first found ______.
A. in Africa, Europe and America
B. in both Africa and America
C. in central Africa D. in North Africa
2. What made basenjis so special?
A. They were funny enough to make people laugh.
B. One of them barked at a dog show in London.
C. They were a true friend of man.
D. They were born quiet dogs.
3. Americans like basenjis because they are ______.
A. pleasant
B. pretty
C. clean
D. quiet
4. In what way are basenjis like cats?
A. They make gentle sounds instead of barking.
B. They are fond of people and look like cats.
C. They clean themselves all over.
D. They have short, silky fur.
5. Basenjis are good hunters because they are ______.
A. strong
B. fearless
C. the right colour
D. the right weight
答案解析
1. 该题题干的意思可以理解成 Basenjis’ native country is…,其信息联系点在第一自然段的第1句。根据这一句所传达的信息,我们可以排除1A、B两个选项,因为它们均大于文段中所给的信息的范围 (The basenji is a central African hunting dog)。D选项与第一段的第2 north 这个词,但 North Africa 是“北非”,在“非洲”北部;而 north of the Central African Republic 是“中非共和国的北部”,在“中非”北部,它们表示的范围(或概念)不一致,也可以排除,因此,可以确定C选项是正确的。该题题干的设计采用了换句型的方法,即用 Basenjis were first found in central Africa 表达 The Basenji is a central African hunting dog 的意思。
2. 该题可以理解为 Why were Basenjis so special,其信息联系点在第一自然段的第3句。根据这一句所提供的信息,我们基本可以确定D句。根据这一句所提供的信息,我们基本可以确定选项是正确的,因 …because… 表达了主从句之间的因果关系,而A、B、C三个选项与文段中的信息联系点没有什么关系,因此,都可以排除。该题的设计同时用了换词和换表达形式两种方法,即,用 special 取代 was well-known,用 quiet 取代 silent;用 was born quiet 取代 had never been known to bark。
3. 该题与文段的信息连接点在第二段的第2句,题目的设计采用了换词的手法,because表示主从句之间的因果关系,但题干用 Americans like Basenjis 替代了文段中的 In America people keep Basenjis,即用 Americans 取代了(In America)people,用 like 取代了 keep,用 pleasant 取代了 gentle and full of fun。在四个选项中,B、C两个选项与文段中的信息点 gentle and full of fun 的意思无关;D选项只与信息点的部分意思D(gentle)相关,因此,这三个选项都可以排除。A选项可以完整地概括 gentle and full of fun 全部意思,因此,正确选项应该是A。
4. 该题问的是“Basenjis在那一方面象猫”,其信息连接点在第二段的第3句。该题的设计采用了换词的方法,即C选项 They clean themselves all over 中的 clean 取代了文段中 It washes itself all over”中的“washes”,符合题意,而A、B、D三个选项的意思均与该信息点的意思无关,因此均可以排除。
5.该题的信息连接点在第二段的第1句。题目的设计采用了换词、换表达形式的方法。文段中的“…Basenjis are known for their natural courage and are still popular ”句。题目的设计采用了换词、换表达形式的方法。文段中的“”实际上可以理解为“Basenjis are still popular hunting dogs because they are known for their natura courage”,即文段中用“and”表示前后两个并列句之间的因果关系,而题干用“because”表示主从句之间的因果关系;此外,题干中的“good hunters”取代了文段中的“popular hunting dogs”,B选项中的“fearless”取代了文段中的“courage”,符合文意,因此正确,而A、C、D三个选项均与文中相关信息点的意思无关,可以排除。
阅读理解题的设计千变万化,但只要我们加强阅读实践,不断总结经验,同时注意题目设计的基本规律,就一定能提高我们的阅读理解水平和能力。
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高中英语易错的知识点介绍
易错点1:名词的单复数形式的误判
【典例】
—What do you think the ______ should do first?—They should learn to take ______ as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility
B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities
D. growns-ups; responsibilities
【错因分析】
有些考生以为grown是复合名词的中心词,其复数形式应该在grown后面加-s;另一方面认为responsibility是不可数名词,没有复数形式,从而错选B。其实,grown-up没有中心名词,其复数形式应该在up后面加-s;同时根据语境可知,responsibility指义务,该单词作“义务,职责”讲时,是可数名词,故正确答案选C。
易错点2:对不可数名词的应用判断失误
【典例】
— I find it very difficult to read ____ novel you lent me last week.
— Yes. It’s necessary to have _____ good knowledge of history.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. the; aD. a; a
【错因分析】
考生可能以为第一个空是特指对方上周所借给“我”的小说,故应填定冠词;第二个空后面是抽象名词,为不可数名词,不填冠词,于是错选A。然而,此处knowledge之前须用不定冠词,have a good knowledge of意为“对……很了解”,是固定搭配,故正确答案选C。
易错点3:定冠词与不定冠词判断失误
【典例】
— When did you meet her last?
— I don’t remember exactly, but I’m sure it was ____ Friday when I went to the shop to buy ____ football.
A. a; aB. 不填; aC. the; 不填 D. 不填; 不填
【错因分析】
有些考生可能认为这两个空后面的名词前都不用冠词,从而错选D。其实,指一个特定的星期几时前面须用不定冠词;表示一个足球时,前面也须用不定冠词,故正确答案选A。
易错点4:冠词与零冠词应用判断失误
【典例】
— What do you think is the difference between _____ man and ____ woman?
— I don’t think there’s any difference.
A. the; the B. a; a C. 不填; 不填 D. a; the
【错因分析】有些考生可能认为,表示类别时,名词前面须用不定冠词或定冠词,于是错选A或B。其实,man,woman,mankind的单数表示类别时用零冠词。因此,正确答案选C。
易错点5:it用作形式主语及形式宾语时判断失误
【典例】
I would appreciate _____ if you could come and help me with my work.
A. thatB. itC. thisD. one
【错因分析】
很多考生认为this或that可以指代上文或下文所出现的内容,于是误选A或C。其实,用于指代后面整个句子的内容且作形式宾语时,只能用it,故答案选B。
易错点6:名词的格的误用
【典例】
— Look! This is _______.
— Very beautiful. When did she take it?
A. my mother’s picture
B. my mother in the picture
C. a picture of my mother
D. a picture of my mother’s
【错因分析】
考生可能受汉语思维的影响,错选A或B;也可能受英语双重所有格的影响,错选D。根据语境可知,正确答案选C。my mother’s picture意为“我妈妈所拥有的照片”,暗含“照片上不一定是我妈妈”;my mother in the picture意为“照片中我的妈妈”;a picture of my mother’s意为“我妈妈所拥有的照片中的一张”,同样,暗含“照片上不一定是我妈妈”;a picture of my mother意为“我妈妈的照片(照片中的人是妈妈)”。
易错点7:it,one,that,those,ones等的用法区别
【典例】
—Would you like to buy a car here?
—Yes, but I’d like to buy ____ made in Shanghai.
A. one B. that C. it D. this
【错因分析】
许多考生认为此处应该用it或that指代说话双方所说的车,于是误选B或C。根据语境可知,上海制造了许多小汽车,答话者只想买其中的一辆,故正确答案选A。指代上文提到的名词时,it指代上文提到的那个东西,即同类同物;that指代抽象的事物或上文提到的同类事物的另一件东西,可替代可数名词,也可替代不可数名词,表示特指;而one指代上文提及事物中的其中一件,只能替代可数名词,表示泛指。
易错点8:the other(s),other(s)等短语的用法区别
【典例】
I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ____ in two days?
A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others
【错因分析】
本题考生易误选D项。其实本题是对the rest用法的考查。选项B、C均修饰可数名词,选项D相当于“the other+可数名词复数”结构,这三个选项用在本题中都不合适。the rest指代名词时,既可以指代可数名词复数,也可以指代不可数名词。在本题中,the rest指代不可数名词,相当于the rest of the work,故选A。当the rest作主语时,谓语动词单复数的使用要由the rest所指代的内容来决定。
易错点9:either,both,等词的用法易错点
【典例】
His father has bought many books home, ____ but is easy enough for him to read.
A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one
【错因分析】
许多考生会根据but一词推测后面表否定意义,但是又考虑到空格后面没有介 词of,于是误选B。no one通常用来指人。根据语境可知,空格后面省略了of the books,因此正确答案选A。
no one与none的用法:
(1)no one相当于nobody,只能指人。
(2)none常与of短语连用,既可以指人,又可以指物。
(3)none通常用于“how many/much...”的否定回答,而no one则常用于“who...”的否定回答。
易错点10:形容词和副词的比较等级易错点
【典例】
Of the two sisters, Betty is _____ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
【错因分析】
由题目中的two可知,横线处应为比较级结构,故选项B和D首先被排除。根据题意可知,横线处应为特指概念,故选C。在英语中,两者之间的比较应用比较级结构。句中有表示范围的of the two...时,该比较级前通常要加上the,表示特指的概念。