高中英语语法专题名词与常见动词(汇编4篇)
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可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词高中英语语法专题名词可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词
cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事
frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
高中英语语法专题名词
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:
boy — boys
pen — pens
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如:
glass — glasses
box— boxes
watch — watches
brush — brushes
特例:
stomach — stomachs
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如:
baby — babies
lady — ladies
fly — flies
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如:
tomato — tomatoes
potato — potatoes
hero — heroes
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如:
radio — radios
zoo — zoos
photo — photos
piano — pianos
kilo — kilos
tobacco — tobaccos
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”
,之后再加-es。如:
wife — wives
life — lives,
knife — knives,
wolf— wolves,
self — selves,
leaf — leaves等。
特例:
handkerchief— handkerchiefs
roof — roofs
chief — chiefs
gulf — gulfs
belief — beliefs
cliff — cliffs
⑥改变元音字母的。如:
man — men
mouse — mice
foot — feet
woman — women
tooth — teeth
goose — geese
ox — oxen
特例:
child — children
⑦复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:
armchair — armchairs
bookcase — bookcases
bookstore — bookstores
(B)man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:
man doctor — men doctors
woman driver — women drivers
(C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如:
brother-in-law — brothers-in-law
passer-by — passers-by
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如:
zero — zeros 、zeroes
deer —deers 、deer
penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:
pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)。
(2)不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works(工厂),cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如:
boy-friend — boy-friends
go-between— go-betweens(中间人)
grown-up — grown-ups
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如:
glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富, surroundings环境,ashes灰尘, compasses圆规,cattle家畜,congratulations祝贺,have words with sb. 同某人吵架,in high spirits以很高热情地,give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯,in rags衣衫破烂,It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看做整体,复数看做集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体);The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(个体)。
2、不可数名词的数
(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化
(个体名词,可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地
a surprise
一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功
a success
一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉
an honor
一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)
is the mother of success
a failure失败者
by experience靠经验
an experience一次经历
youth青春
a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人
a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意
a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。如:
some coffee一些咖啡,a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡,some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料,three drinks三杯饮料,his hair他的头发,a few grey hairs几根白发,glass玻璃,a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast
They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现,起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如:
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数量之多,范围之广。如:
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
(1)“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有:
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s,newSPAper, five minutes’
walk(drive),five pounds’ weight, ten dollars’
worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如:the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
(2)“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有:
①表示“部分”时,一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词(a、two、several、some、no、many等),如:
Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.
张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示“其中之一,其中一部分”的意思时,用:
a friend of Tom’s
汤姆的一个朋友(许多朋友中的一位)。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时,应该用:that/this/these/those + 名词(单、复数)of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如:
That invention of hers belongs to the world.
她的那项发明是属于全世界的(表赞赏)。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
(1)分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染
boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯
income tax所得税
tennis ball网球
song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言
road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
(2)时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生
Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校
winter sleep冬眠
street dance街舞
country music乡村音乐
village people村民
school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
(3)表目的、手段、来源,所属意义。
reception desk接待台
sports field田径场
stone table石桌
color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词
blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况